Key Concepts:
- Observational Studies: Researchers observe subjects without manipulation; conclusions can show correlation but not causation.
- Experiments: Researchers manipulate variables and control conditions to test causal relationships.
Skills Covered:
- Distinguishing between observational studies and experiments.
- Understanding when causation can or cannot be concluded.
Example Problem:
A study tracks the diet and health outcomes of 1,000 people over 10 years. Is this an observational study or an experiment? (Correct answer: Observational study, because no variables were manipulated.)