Evolution: explains our behavior through past advantage in survival (e.g. those who liked sugar were more likely to survive than those who didn't -> as descendants of our ancestors, most of us like sugar) or mate selection (e.g. competitive male ancestors were more likely to mate -> males aggression levels higher than females')
Charles Darwin: coined the concept of natural selection + adaptation + survival of the fittest
Adaptation: structures/behaviors that increase chance of survival (often due to genetic mutation)
Fitness = adaptivity (likely to survive or mate and procreate)
Eugenics: the study of how to reproduce to increase desirable heritable characteristics; discredited as unscientific and discriminatory