Key Ideas and Details in Literary Narrative

learning_notes

Last updated: 8/16/2025

Understanding Character

What’s Tested:

  • A character’s thoughts, feelings, motivations
  • How characters respond to events
  • Inferences about personality or perspective How to Build the Skill:
  • Analyze character arcs in fiction: What does a character want, and how do they change?
  • Annotate passages for emotion words, internal monologue, and descriptions.
  • Practice "reading between the lines": What’s implied but not said?
  • Try summarizing how a character might be described in one sentence. Sample ACT-Style Questions:
  • Based on the passage, how does Lena feel about her brother’s decision?
  • What do Tom’s actions in lines 32–44 suggest about his attitude toward the job offer?
  • Which of the following best describes the narrator’s view of Aunt Carrie?

Understanding Plot and Events

What’s Tested:

  • Key moments in the story (e.g., turning points, conflicts)
  • Cause-and-effect relationships
  • Sequence and pacing of events How to Build the Skill:
  • Create a timeline of events after reading a passage: What happened first, next, and last?
  • Pay attention to cause-effect cues ("because," "after," "as a result").
  • Read short stories and summarize the plot in three bullet points.
  • Watch for shifts in tone or action to spot major turning points. Sample ACT-Style Questions:
  • According to the passage, what happens immediately after the main character arrives at the house?
  • What causes the narrator to reconsider their decision in paragraph 4?
  • Which event marks the turning point of the story?

Recognizing Relationships Between Characters

💡 What’s Tested:

  • How two (or more) characters interact
  • Differences in perspective or attitude
  • Emotional tension or harmony in relationships 🛠️ How to Build the Skill:
  • Mark character interactions and note tone: Are they cooperative, hostile, awkward?
  • Ask: What does each character want in this interaction?
  • Pay attention to dialogue tags ("she said bitterly") and body language.
  • Practice summarizing each character’s attitude toward the other in a sentence. 📝 Sample ACT-Style Questions:
  • Which of the following best describes the relationship between the narrator and his uncle?
  • How does Elise’s attitude toward her sister differ from her sister’s attitude toward her?
  • What can be inferred about the interaction between John and the teacher in lines 50–60?

Interpreting Significant Details

💡 What’s Tested:

  • Meaning of specific lines or descriptions
  • Role of an object, phrase, or action in the story
  • Symbolic or emotional weight of a moment 🛠️ How to Build the Skill:
  • Slow down on vivid descriptions—they usually carry meaning.
  • Ask: Why is this detail included? Does it show mood, theme, or character?
  • Practice paraphrasing figurative language in plain terms.
  • Keep a running list of objects or recurring phrases—they might be symbolic. 📝 Sample ACT-Style Questions:
  • What is the most likely reason the author describes the setting as “oppressively silent” in line 12?
  • What does the broken watch symbolize for the narrator?
  • Why is the detail about the faded photograph significant?

Identifying Central Ideas or Themes

What’s Tested:

  • Main point or message of the story
  • The emotional or moral takeaway
  • The overall purpose of the passage How to Build the Skill:
  • After reading, ask: “What is this story really about?”
  • Look for recurring ideas, unresolved questions, or emotional changes.
  • Practice summarizing theme in one sentence: “This story shows that…”
  • Avoid personal interpretations; focus on evidence from the passage. Sample ACT-Style Questions:
  • Which of the following best expresses the main theme of the passage?
  • What is the primary conflict faced by the narrator, and how is it resolved?
  • What message does the author convey through the narrator’s final reflection?

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