Types of Memory
- Implicit/Procedural memory: cerebellum; well-learned, automatic skills, e.g. ride bikes, tie shoes
- Explicit/Declarative memory: hippocampus; semantic vs. episodic (flashbulb) memory
- Prospective memory: remembering to do something or a plan for a future time
Long-term potentiation: this is the neurological process of long-term learning
The Working Memory Model: limited-capacity stores (the central executive, visuospatial sketchpad, phonological loop, and episodic buffer) work together to process info from short-term memory into long-term memory
The Multi-store Model
- Sensory memory: echoic sensory memory is auditory, iconic sensory memory is visual
- Short-term memory: transfer sensory to short-term through attention; "7+/-2" limit in capacity
- Long-term memory: transfer/encode short-term to long-term through rehearsal
Stages
- Encoding: writing info into memory (Encoding Failure, e.g. didn't attend to info)
- Storage: holding onto memory (Memory Decay, e.g. forget about info)
- Retrieval: recognition or recall of memory (Recognition/Recall Failure, e.g. tip-of-tongue)
Automatic vs Effortful Processing: automatic can be multitasked; effortful requires attention
Deep vs Shallow Levels of Processing: from shallowest to deepest - structural/physical/sensory, phonemic/pronouncing, semantic/elaborative
Selective vs. Divided Attention: you can have divided attention on automatically processed tasks; selective attention is a common reason for encoding failure