IMPORTANT NOTE: you don't need to memorize the names of different emotion theories
Theories
- Facial-feedback hypothesis: if you bite on pencil (creates artificial smile), you feel happier
- James-Lange Theory: physiological arousal makes us 'deduce' our emotion)
- Cannon-Bard Theory: physiological arousal and awareness of emotions happen at the same time
- Schacter-Singer two-factor theory: we feel arousal, and then put cognitive label of emotion on it according to our interpretation (e.g. if we feel aroused when seeing a snake, we must be afraid)
- LeDoux: sensory info is both send to a 'shortcut' to amygdala, which causes immediate emotion (fear) and a 'slow path' that processes the info -> realizes whether we should be afraid)
- Lazarus' Appraisal Theory: our emotional experience of depends on our interpretation of the same given situation we are in (e.g. roller coaster ride is experienced by A as fun and B as dreadful)
- Opponent-Process Theory: when we experience one emotion, a counter-emotion will appear and lessen the intensity of the first emotion; repeated -> weaker first emotion, stronger counter- emotion, explains addiction to dangerous activities, e.g. falling in love with sky-diving
Broaden-and-build theory of emotion: positive emotional experiences tend to broaden awareness and encourage new actions and thoughts; negative emotions tend to reduce awareness and narrow thinking and action
Six universal emotions (generally universal across societies; Paul Ekman)
Display rules/elicitors: regulate how people from different cultures (or people from different genders, ages, and socioeconomic classes within a culture) display and interpret emotions
Evolutionary theory of emotion: we signal social intentions with emotions & increase survival