Social-Cognitive and Trait Theories of Personality

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Last updated: 8/16/2025

Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory

  • Reciprocal Determinism: who we are shape our interaction with environment, which also shapes who we are
  • Self-concept: our overall view of our abilities, behavior, and personality & what we know about ourselves
  • Self-esteem: a part of our self-concept, how we evaluate ourselves
  • Self-Efficacy: I am competent to achieve desired result with effort; adaptive for individualism
  • Collective-Efficacy: we can achieve our desired result with effort; adaptive for collectivism
  • Locus of Control: as seen in "Attribution Theory and Person Perception"

Trait theory: personality is stable and relatively permanent throughout life

  • The Big Five Personality Factors (OCEAN): Openness to experience, Conscientiousness (most predictive of success), Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

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