Smell
- Olfaction (Smell): the only sense that doesn't first get processes in the thalamus
- Pheromones: produce chemical messages for the olfactory system
Taste
- Gustation: 6 basic tastes - sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami, oleogustus (fat)
- Supertasters/medium tasters/nontasters: sensitivity to tastes, related to the number of taste receptors on the tongue
Touch
- Somatosensation: touch/pressure receptors, warmth/cold receptors, pain receptors
- Phantom limb sensation: when people who have lost limbs report sensation or pain where the limb used to be
- Gate-control theory: pain can be subjective; a "gate" in the spinal cord can allow/block the passage of pain messages to the brain (e.g. closed by neural activity of larger nerve fibers -> pressing around a pain area makes you feel less painful)
Body Senses
- Kinesthesis: body sense of coordination, the position and movement of body parts (receptors in muscles, tendons, and joints)
- Vestibular sense: body sense of equilibrium (hairlike receptors in semicircular canals and vestibular sac in the inner ear)