Bias: prejudiced attitude in favor of or against a person/group
- In-Group Bias/Favoritism: I like members of my own group!
- Out-Group Bias/Discrimination: I dislike those not in my group!
- Implicit Bias: bias that you are not consciously aware of (but still affects your behavior)
Stereotype: mental schemas about a social group; gender, race, ethnicity are likely to incur stereotypes
- Stereotype Threat: stereotype can activate schema and harm one's self esteem, affecting performance (classic experiment: Asian girls take math tests, emphasize 'girl', lower scores, emphasize 'Asian', higher scores)
Prejudice: unjustified negative attitude to another person/group
Discrimination: unjustified behavior towards another person/group because of prejudice
Ethnocentrism: our way is the correct/normal way; your way is weird/bad
Scapegoat Theory: directs frustration-aggression towards an out-group Out-Group Homogeneity Bias: seeing all members of a group as the same ("all Jews are bad!")
Cognitive Dissonance: we change our belief to be consistent with our behavior -> make someone do something they are against, they will be less against it
Belief Perseverance: the tendency to stick to one's beliefs despite contradictory evidence.