Case studies: rare cases
EEG (electroencephalogram): brain waves
CT (computerized tomography): black & white; structure; x-ray; shows lesion
PET (positron emission tomography): colored; function; metabolic, blood flow, glucose, oxygen
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): black & white; structure (more details); magnetic field, radio
fMRI (functional MRI): colored; structure + function; magnetic detection of blood oxygen
Lesioning: precisely damage brain tissues to study brain functions, etc.