Neural Biology: circadian rhythm (hypothalamus), reticular formation, pineal gland, melatonin
Sleep stages & brain waves & disorders:
- Awake - beta & alpha
- NREM1 - alpha
- NREM2 - theta; sleep spindles, K-complexes
- NREM3 - delta; ~night terrors; ~sleepwalking/somnambulism
- REM sleep - paradoxical (muscles paralyzed; rapid heart rate & breathing, higher blood pressure + rapid movement of eyes + dream)
REM rebound: shows we need REM sleep; REM helps us with memory & learning & creativity
Activation-synthesis theory: dreams result from random stimulation of brain during daytime
Disorders
- Insomnia: inability to fall asleep
- Narcolepsy: uncontrollably fall asleep, often going directly into REM sleep
- Sleep apnea: temporary cessation of breathing during sleep; related to obesity
- Somnambulism: sleep walking (NREM-3)
- Night terrors: NREM-3, unlike nightmares which occur during REM
- REM sleep behavior disorder: acting out your dreams, can be related to neurological diseases