Brain stem: includes medulla
Medulla: breathing, heart
Pons: wakefulness & arousal; reticular formation (sleep & wake)
Cerebellum: balance & coordination of movement
Lobes: frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal
Cortices: Prefrontal (logical thinking, planning); motor + somatosensory (parietal lobe); visual (occipital lobe); auditory (temporal lobe)
Broca's area: left frontal lobe (speech)
Wernicke's area: left temporal lobe (comprehension)
The Limbic System
- Thalamus: regulates hypothalamus + the relay station of brain to endocrine system
- Hypothalamus: regulates pituitary glands
- Pituitary gland: the "master" gland; regulate all the other glands
- Hippocampus: memory
- Amygdala: fear, aggression
Corpus callosum: split-brain surgery; treats epilepsy
Lateralization/laterality: two hemispheres are specialized in different functions
Plasticity: the ability of the brain to rewire itself; allows for damagedbraintofunctional recover